Figure 1. Anatomy of venous drainage from left testis.
K - kidney
IVC - inferior vena cava
TV - testicular vein and trunci
CI - common iliac vein
CC - cross-communications
PP - pampiniform plexus
VV - vas vein
II - internal iliac vein
ES - external spermatic vein
SV - scrotal veins (gubernaculum)
T - testis
LS - long saphenous vein
EP - external pudendal vein
EI - external iliac vein
CV - cremasteric vein